The Seljuk empire was established by Tughril Beg and his sibling Chaghri Beg in 1037. From their homeland close to the Aral Sea, the Seljuks progressed first into Khorasan and afterward into terrain Persia, before at last catching Baghdad and vanquishing eastern Anatolia. Here the Seljuks won the clash of Manzikert in 1071 and vanquished a large portion of Anatolia from the Byzantine Empire, which got one reason for the first crusade.
Starting from 1140s, the Seljuk empire declined, and was ultimately supplanted by the Khwarazmian Empire in 1194. Seljuk Empire consisted of the Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and most of Iran, Iraq and most part of Anatolia. The most remarkable emperor of the Seljuk Empire was the Malik Shah I, the son of Alp Arslan.
He remained at the reign from 1072 to 1092 when he died at the of 37 years. During his childhood, he invested his energy partaking in the missions of his father Alp Arslan, along the last’s vizier Nizam al-Mulk. Malik Shah was born on 16 August 1055 and spent his childhood in Isfahan.
As per the twelth century Persian historian Muhammad Bin Ali Rawandi, Malik Shah had light complexion, was tall and fairly bulky. In 1064, Malik Shah, just 9 years of age by at that time, alongside Nizam al Mulk, the Persian vizier of the Empire, partook in Alp Arslan’s mission in the Caucasus .
The same year, Malik Shah married to a Terkic Khatun, the daughter of the Karakhanid khan Ibrahim Tamghach Khan. In 1066, Alp Arslan organized a ceremony near to Merv, where he selected and nominate Malik Shah as his successor and furthermore conceded him Isfahan as a fief. In 1071, Malik Shah participated in the Syrian compaign of his father, and remained in Aleppo when his father battled the Byzantine sovereign Romanos IV Diogenes at Manzikert.
In 1072, Malik Shah and Nizam al Mulk went with Alp Arslan during his mission in Transoxiana against the Karakhanids. Notwithstanding, Alp Arslan was gravely injured during his endeavor, and Malik Shah instantly assumed control over the military. Snow capped mountain Arslan kicked the bucket a few days after the fact, and Malik Shah was proclaimed as the new ruler of the realm.Just after Malik Shah accession in the reign his uncle Qavurt asserted the seat for himself.
He sent Malik Shah with a strong message which stated “I am the oldest sibling, and you are a young child. I have the more greater right to my brother Alp Arslan’s legacy.” Malik Shah at that time answered by sending the accompanying message: “A brother doesn’t inherit when there is a child”. This message rankled Qavurt, who from that point occupied Isfahan. In 1073 a fight occurred close to Hamadan , which kept going three days.
Qavurt in his ambitious compaign was joined by his seven children, and his military comprised of Turkmens, while the multitude of Malik Shah comprised of ghulams “military slaves” and contingents of Kurdish and Arab troops. During the fight, the Turks of Malik Shah’s military mutinied against him, however he however figured out how to defeat and catch Qavurt. Qavurt then asked for leniency and consequently vowed to went to Oman.
However, Nizam al Mulk declined the offer, guaranteeing that saving him meant that shortcoming. After some time, Qavurt was choked to death with a bowstring, while two of his children were blinded.
In the wake of having managed that issue, Malik Shah delegated.In the wake of making sure about the rule Malik Shah at that point centered towards the Karakhanids, due to the way that after the demise of Alp Arslan they attacked Tukharistan, which was recently administered by Malik Shah’s sibling Ayaz, who couldn’t repulse the Karakhanids and was murdered by them during the compaign.
Malik Shah some way or another figured out how to repulse the Karakhanids and recover Tirmidh , giving Sav Tegin the key of the city. Malik Shah at that point designated his other sibling Shihab al Din Tekish as the leader of Tukharistan and Balkh. During a similar period, the Ghaznavid ruler Ibrahim was holding onto Seljuq region in northern Khorasan , however was crushed by Malik-Shah, who at that point made harmony with the last mentioned and gave his little girl Gawhar Khatun in union with Ibrahim’s child Mas’ud III .
In 1074, Malik Shah requested the Turkic warlord Arghar to reestablish what he had annihilated during his strikes in the region of the Shirvanshah Fariburz I. During the very year, he designated Qavurt’s child Rukn al-Dawla Sultan Shah as the leader of Kerman. After one year, Malik Shah sent a military under Sav Tegin to Arran, which was managed by the Shaddadid ruler Fadlun III .
Sav Tegin figured out how to handily overcome the district, in this manner finishing Shaddadid rule. Malik Shah at that point offered Gorgan to Fadlun III as a fief. All through Malik’s rule new foundations of learning were set up and it was during this time that the Jalali schedule was changed at the Isfahan observatory.
In 1089, Malik Shah caught Samarkand with the help of the local pastorate, and detained its Karakhanid ruler Ahmad Khan ibn Khizr, who was the nephew of Terken Khatun. He at that point walked to Semirechye, and made the Karakhanid Harun Khan ibn Sulayman, who was the leader of Kashgar and Khotan, recognize him as his suzerain.
In 1092, Nizam al Mulk was killed close to Sihna, making a course for Baghdad, by a man camouflaged as a Sufi. As the professional killer was promptly chopped somewhere around Nizam’s protector, it got difficult to set up with conviction who had sent him. One hypothesis had it that he was an Assassin, since these routinely made endeavors on the lives of Seljuk authorities and rulers during the eleventh century. Another hypothesis had it that the assault had been affected by Malik Shah, who may have become worn out on his overmighty vizier.
After Nizam al Mulk’s demise, Malik Shah delegated another Persian named Taj al Mulk Abu’l Ghana’im as his vizier. Malik Shah at that point went to Baghdad and chose to oust al Muqtadi and sent him the accompanying message, “You should give up Baghdad to me, and withdraw to any land you pick”.
This was on the grounds that Malik Shah needed to select his nephew Ja’far as the new caliph. As Sunni Muslims , the Sultan mistreated Shiites, specifically, the Ismailis of Hassan ibn Sabbah. Devotees of Sabbah figured out how to involve the Alamut stronghold close to Qazvin, and the military under the order of the emir Arslan Tash, sent by Malik Shah, couldn’t recover it. King’s ghilman Kizil Sarug attacked the Daru fortification in Kuhistan, however stopped threats regarding the demise of Malik Shah on November 19, 1092, perhaps because of harming.
Malik Shah was died on 19 November 1092 while he was on a hunting compaign. He was in all probability harmed by the caliph or the allies of Nizam al Mulk. Compelled of Terken Khatun, Malik Shah’s body was send to Isfahan, where he was buried in a madrasa. Upon his demise, the Seljuq Empire fell into bedlam, as opponent replacements and many regional governors cut up their realm and battled against one another.
The circumstance inside the Seljuk lands was additionally muddled by the start of the First Crusade, which disengaged huge bits of Syria and Palestine from Muslim control in 1098 and 1099. The accomplishment of the First Crusade is in any event to some extent owing to the political disarray which came about because of Malik Shah’s demise